ISLAMIC, Persia (Post-Seljuk). Khwarizm Shahs. Jalal al-Din Mangubarni, AH 617-628 / AD 1220-1231. Dirham (Silver, 16 mm, 3.12 g), Ghazna type. Citing the ruler in three lines, ‘Jalāl al-Dunyā wa / al-Dīn Mankubarnī / ibn al-Sulṭān’. Rev. Citing the ʿAbbasid caliph al-Nasir li-din Allah (AH 575-622 / AD 1180-1225) in three lines, ‘al-Nāṣir / li-dīn Allāh / Amīr al-Muʾminīn’ (‘al-Nasir li-dīn Allāh, Commander of the Believers’ in Arabic). Album 1745.1. Extremely rare. Some deposits, otherwise, good very fine.


Jalal was defeated by the Mongols decisively in spring 1221 in the Battle of the Indus, but to Genghis' great disappointment, the Shah escaped to India. He remained a constant thorn in the Mongols' side until he was assassinated by an unknown Kurd in the Mayyafarikin mountains in 1231.